Наукові праці. Кафедра гістології, цитології та ембріології

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    Quantitative assessment of structural complexity in human cerebellum through analysis of skeletonized mr images: anatomical correlations, sex differences, and agerelated changes
    (Acta Morphologica et Anthropologica, 2024) Maryenko, Nataliia; Мар'єнко, Наталія Іванівна; Stepanenko, Oleksandr; Степаненко, Олександр Юрійович
    The present study provides a quantitative assessment of the human cerebellum structural complexity using analysis of skeletonized images. Magnetic resonance images from 100 apparently healthy individuals (aged 18-86 years) were examined. Following segmentation, the images were skeletonized, and quantitative analysis of the digital skeletons was conducted. The following parameters were determined: number of branches and their junctions, end-point, slab and junction pixels, average and maximum branch length, triple and quadruple points. Sex differences were assessed. Correlation analysis included determining the relationships between the studied parameters and age, morphometric parameters derived from Euclidean and fractal geometries, as well as the same parameters of the digital skeletons identified in the cerebral hemispheres. In conclusion, quantitative analysis of digital cerebellar skeletons offers advantages for assessing the structural complexity of the cerebellum. This method and the results of the present study can be applied in diagnosing cerebellar malformations and distinguishing between malformations and atrophic alterations.
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    Comparative analysis of fractal dimensions of human cerebellum: impact of image preprocessing and fractal analysis methods
    (2022) Maryenko, Nataliia; Stepanenko, Oleksandr
    The aim: To compare the values of the fractal dimensions of human cerebellum obtained using different algorithms of image preprocessing and different methods of fractal analysis. Materials and methods: The study involved 120 people without structural changes in the brain (age 18-86 years, 55 men and 65 women). T1- and T2-weighted MR brain images were studied. Fractal analysis was performed using box counting and pixel dilatation methods. Fractal dimensions of cerebellar tissue as a whole, cerebellar cortex and its individual layers, cerebellar white matter were measured and compared to each other and to fractal dimension of cerebellar white matter determined in cadaveric cerebella. Results: It was no significant difference between fractal dimension values of cerebellar tissue as a whole measured on T1 and T2 weighted magnetic resonance images of cerebellum, and fractal dimension values measured on the same images using different methods of fractal analysis – pixel dilatation and box counting. T2 weighted images are preferable for fractal analysis of different components of cerebellar tissue. Segmentation according to pixel luminance is the preferable image preprocessing method for fractal analysis of cerebellar cortex as a whole, individual cortical layers and cerebellar tissue as a whole; skeletonizing of cerebellar magnetic resonance images is the preferable method of the image preprocessing for fractal analysis of cerebellar white matter. Conclusions: The algorithm of image preprocessing, magnetic resonance imaging sequence and method of fractal analysis should be chosen according to aim of quantitative study of cerebellar magnetic resonance images and features of the studied structure of cerebellum.
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    Fractal dimension of cerebellum in acute cerebellar infarction (magnetic resonance imaging study)
    (2022) Maryenko, Nataliia; Stepanenko, Oleksandr
    The aim of the study was to determine the values of fractal dimension of the cerebellum in acute cerebellar infarction using the quantitative study of magnetic resonance images of brain. Materials and methods: In this study, 11 patients with acute cerebellar infarction and 120 persons without structural changes in the brain (control group) were enrolled. T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain were investigated. Fractal analysis was performed using pixel dilatation method. The values of fractal dimension of the cerebellar tissue as a whole and fractal dimension of the outer contour of the cerebellar tissue were determined. The fractal dimension values were measured in the following areas: cerebellar vermis (superior and inferior cerebellar lobes), foci of cerebellar infarction and areas adjacent to the foci (superior and inferior cerebellar lobes). Results: It was established that the values of fractal dimension of cerebellar tissue as a whole and fractal dimension of the outer contour of the cerebellar tissue in the area of cerebellar ischaemic infarction foci were significantly decreased compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between fractal dimension values of the cerebellar vermis, areas adjacent to infarction foci in patients with cerebellar infarction and vermal fractal dimension values in the control group. Conclusions: Fractal analysis of cerebellar magnetic resonance images may be used as an additional quantitative method to diagnose acute cerebellar infarction and to assess ischaemic foci to detect the boundaries between damaged and undamaged cerebellar tissue.
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    Fractal dimension of external linear contour of human cerebellum (magnetic resonance imaging study)
    (2021) Maryenko, Nataliia; Stepanenko, Oleksandr
    Fractal analysis is a method of mathematical analysis, which provides quantitative assessment of the spatial configuration complexity of the anatomical structures and may be used as a morphometric method. The purpose of the study was to determine the values of the fractal dimension of the outer linear contour of human cerebellum by studying the magnetic resonance images of the brain using the authors' modification of the caliper method and compare to the values determined using the box counting method. Brain magnetic resonance images of 30 relatively healthy persons aged 18-30 years (15 men and 15 women) were used in the study. T2-weighted digital magnetic resonance images were studied. The midsagittal MR sections of the cerebellar vermis were investigated. The caliper method in the author's modification was used for fractal analysis. The average value of the fractal dimension of the linear contour of the cerebellum, determined using the caliper method, was 1.513±0.008 (1.432¸1.600). The average value of the fractal dimension of the linear contour of the cerebellum, determined using the box counting method, was 1.530±0.010 (1.427¸1.647). The average value of the fractal dimension of the cerebellar tissue as a whole, determined using the box counting method, was 1.760±0.006 (1.674¸1.837). The values of the fractal dimension of the outer linear contour of the cerebellum, determined using the caliper method and the box counting method were not statistically significantly different. Therefore, both methods can be used for fractal analysis of the linear contour of the cerebellum. Fractal analysis of the outer linear contour of the cerebellum allows to quantify the complexity of the spatial configuration of the outer surface of the cerebellum, which is difficult to estimate using traditional morphometric methods. The data obtained from this study and the methodology of the caliper method of fractal analysis in the author's modification can be used for morphometric investigations of the human cerebellum in morphological studies, as well as in assessment of cerebellar MR images for diagnostic purposes.
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    Folia of human cerebellum: structure and variations
    (2021) Maryenko, Nataliia; Stepanenko, Oleksandr
    The aim of the study was to describe possible variations in size and shape of folia of human cerebellum to determine morphological and morphometric characteristics of normal cerebellar folia. Cadaveric material (cerebella of 50 people) was studied. It was shown that cerebellar folia aren’t uniform in size and shape. We developed the original classification of cerebellar folia. The folia were divided into 3 types according to folium height (small, medium and large) and width (small, medium and large). 9 anatomical variants of cerebellar folia were described in accordance with the shape and ratio of height and width of the folia. Different cerebellar lobules and branches have different folial variants, but all described folial types and variants may be found in a single cerebellum. The results of the study may be helpful to distinguish normal and abnormal cerebellar folia to diagnose cerebellar malformations in clinical neuroimaging and morphological studies of cerebellum.
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    Characterization of white matter branching in human cerebella: quantitative morphological assessment and fractal analysis of skeletonized MR images
    (2021) Maryenko, Nataliia; Stepanenko, Oleksandr
    Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate branching characteristics of the human cerebellar white matter by the means of findings obtained from the quantitative morphological assessment and fractal analysis of the skeletonized MR images of the human cerebellum. Methods: Thirty individuals with no apparent brain pathology (15 males and 15 females, ranging from 18 - 30 years of age) participated in this study. Their normal T2-weighted MR images of the cerebellar vermis (midsagittal plane) were examined. The skeletonizing procedure and subsequent quantitative morphological assessment of the acquired skeletonized MR images were performed. The following parameters were determined: the number of branches, the number of junctions, the amount of end-point voxels, junction voxels and slab voxels, the average and maximum branch lengths, the longest-shortest patch length, and the number of triple and quadruple points. Additionally, the individual branches of the obtained digital skeletons of the cerebellar white matter were examined and the following parameters were assessed: branch length variability, Euclidean distance, and branch length/Euclidean distance ratio. A fractal analysis was performed using the box counting method prior to and after the MR image skeletonizing procedure. The values of the fractal dimensions (FD) of both skeletonized and non-skeletonized MR images were calculated.Results:It was established that the cerebella, which had the maximum values of the FD, possessed a large number of small branches approximately equal in length and which were connected by numerous junctions, forming numerous endpoints. Those cerebella, which had higher values of the average branch length and greater branch length variability, showed lower values of the FD. The key characteristics of the digital skeleton that determined the values of the FD of the cerebellum and its skeletonized MR images were the number of branches and the number of junctions that had the strongest correlational relationships with the FD of the skeletonized MR images. We submitted a proposition to consider the number of branches and amount of junctions as a diagnostic criterion in the determination of normal values of the FD. Conclusions: The obtained data can be used as diagnostic criteria in assessment of the orphofunctional state of the cerebellum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique.
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    Будова та індивідуальна анатомічна мінливість верхньої півмісяцевої часточки півкуль мозочка людини
    (2016) Мар’єнко, Наталія Іванівна; Марьенко, Наталия Ивановна; Maryenko, Nataliia; Степаненко, Олександр Юрійович; Степаненко, Александр Юрьевич; Stepanenko, Oleksandr
    Досліджена будова та описані 10 варіантів розгалуження білої речовини верхньої півмісяцевої часточки півкуль мозочка людини. Найчастіше зустрічаються 1, 2, 3 та 5 варіанти форми, які можна вважати анатомічним стандартом. Отримані дані можуть бути використані в якості критеріїв норми для діагностичних методів нейровізуалізації. Исследовано строение и описаны 10 вариантов ветвления белого вещества верхней полулунной дольки полушарий мозжечка человека.Чаще всего встречаются 1, 2, 3 и 5 варианты формы, которые можно считать анатомическим стандартом. Полученные данные могут быть использованы в качестве критериев нормы для диагностических методов нейровизуализации. Cerebellum has the most complex spatial configuration which is associated with the organization of the arbor vitae («Tree of Life”) – tree-like branched white matter, which is structural basis of its cortex. Morphological changes of cerebellar lobules are found in many congenital and acquired diseases of the cerebellum. In recent years, thanks to modern imaging techniques (MRI, fMRI, CT, SPECT, PET) morphological changes of the hemispheric and vermal lobules that occur in these diseases can be detected in vivo, which is essential for early and accurate diagnosis. However, criteria of imaging diagnostic methods which are based on information about normal structure of the cerebellum, do not take into account the features of individual anatomical variability, gender and age characteristics. Objective – to investigate individual variability and features of variant anatomy of the superior semilunar lobule of the human cerebellar hemispheres. Research was conducted at the Kharkiv regional bureau of forensic medicine on 100 cerebellums of people of both sexes, who died of causes unrelated to brain pathology, 20-99 years old. During the forensic autopsy the cerebellum and brain stem were separated and fixed during one month in 10% formalin solution. Parasagittal sections of cerebellar hemispheres were investigated. Superior semilunar lobule of the human cerebellar hemispheres is formed by fifth branch of central white matter of the cerebellum. This lobule has pyramidal shape; the apex of pyramid is located in medial part of the hemisphere, the basis is located in lateral part of the hemisphere. The main trunk of white matter is the basis of this lobule. Main trunk divides into 2-3 branches which forms visible surface of the lobule. The shape of the superior semilunar lobule of the human cerebellar hemispheres is quite varied. Differences of the structure of this lobule depend on the characteristics of the branching of the white matter, the number and location of the secondary branches. We described 10 variants of the shape of the superior semilunar lobule of the human cerebellar hemispheres. The most common variants are 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th. That variants can be used as anatomical standard of the lobule. There are different number of little secondary branches on superior and inferior surfaces of the main trunk of white matter; 1, 2 or 3 branches can be found on superior surface, 1-4 branches can be found on inferior surface of the main trunk of white matter.Described variants of the shape of the cerebellar lobules can be used as criteria standards of modern diagnostic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of various diseases of the CNS.The data can be used as the basis for creation of the atlases of serial sections of the cerebellum, which are based on features of the individual anatomical variability of the cerebellum.
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    Будова та індивідуальна анатомічна мінливість l-lll часточок півкуль мозочка людини
    (2016) Мар’єнко, Наталія Іванівна; Марьенко, Наталия Ивановна; Maryenko, Nataliia; Степаненко, Олександр Юрійович; Степаненко, Александр Юрьевич; Stepanenko, Oleksandr
    Мета дослідження – вивчити будову та встановити особливості інди- відуальної анатомічної мінливості І-ІІІ часточок півкуль мозочка людини. До- сліджена форма І-ІІІ часточок півкуль мозочка людини, описані 4 варіанти форми ІІ-ІІІ часточок, найбільш поширеним є 3-й варіант форми, який можна вважати анатомічним стандартом. Цель исследования – изучить строение и установить особенности индивидуальной анатомической изменчивости І-ІІІ долек полушарий мозжечка человека. Исследована форма І-ІІІ долек полушарий мозжечка человека, описаны 4 варианты формы ІІ-ІІІ долек, наиболее распространенным является 3-й вариант формы, который можно считать анатомическим стандартом. Morphological changes of cerebellar lobules are found in many congenital and acquired diseases of the cerebellum. In recent years, thanks to modern imaging techniques morphological changes of the hemispheric and vermal lobules can be detected in vivo. However, criteria of imaging diagnostic methods which are based on information about normal structure of the cerebellum, do not take into account the features of individual anatomical variability, gender and age characteristics. Objective - to investigate individual variability and features of variant anatomy of the I-III lobules of the human cerebellar hemispheres. Methods. Research was conducted at the Kharkiv regional bureau of forensic medicine on 100 cerebellums of people of both sexes 20-99 years old who died of causes unrelated to brain pathology. During the forensic autopsy the cerebellum and brain stem were separated and fixed during one month in 10% formalin solution. Parasagittal sections of cerebellar hemispheres were investigated. Results. The shape of the I-III lobules of the human cerebellar hemispheres is quite varied. Differences of the structure of these lobules depend on the characteristics of the branching of the white matter, the number of secondary branches and cerebellar folia. We described 4 variants of the shape of the II-III lobules of the human cerebellar hemispheres; 3rd variant is the most common. That variant can be used as anatomical standard of the lobules. Conclusion. Described variants of the shape of the cerebellar lobules can be used as criteria standards in current imaging techniques for the diagnostics of various diseases of the CNS.
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    Фрактальный анализ как метод морфологического исследования мозжечка человека
    (Видавництво ВНМУ ім. М.І. Пирогова, 2017) Степаненко, Олександр Юрійович; Степаненко, Александр Юрьевич; Stepanenko, Oleksandr
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    Особенности формы мозжечка у больных с мальформацией Киари I типа
    (Видавництво ХНМУ, 2017) Степаненко, Олександр Юрійович; Степаненко, Александр Юрьевич; Stepanenko, Oleksandr; Меркулова, З.Л.
    The linear dimensions of the cerebellum and their ratio in standard and in patients with type I Chiari syndrome have been studied. A decrease in the absolute values of the height and an increase in the absolute values of the length of the cerebellum in patients with Chiari malformation have been established. It is shown, that the change in linear dimensions is reflected in the form of the cerebellum: in patients with Chiari malformation type I the cerebellum is relatively long and low, relatively broad and low, and is relatively long and narrow. The change in form is reflected in the position of the tonsils: a decrease in the relative width leads to a convergence of the tonsils along the midline, an increase in the relative length to their asymmetric arrangement, and a decrease in the relative height to their lowest position relative to the contour of the cerebellum. The change in the position of the tonsils due to the change in the shape of the cerebellum promotes their prolapse into the large occipital opening and the development of the Chiari syndrome type I.