Наукові праці. Кафедра інфекційних хвороб, дитячих інфекційних хвороб, фтизіатрії та пульмонології

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Relation of the immunologic status of blastocystosis patients with the effectiveness of their therapy
(WHO Office in Azerbaijan, 2024-05) Bodnia, I.; Yurko, K.; Bodnia, K.
To study the presence of a relationship between the state of immunologic homeostasis and the effectiveness of blastocystosis therapy, the values of immunity indices were compared in 300 patients with blastocystosis in alternative groups: group A − with good therapeutic effect (n = 162) and group B − with satisfactory effect (n = 138). Group A included patients who had an overall clinical symptom regression rate of ≥33% after 1 month of treatment, and group B included patients who had an overall regression rate of ≤32%. When comparing the correlation structures of immunity indices in the groups, it was found that they differ significantly (by 90%) in their “portrait” properties (nature of correlation). In patients with a good therapeutic effect in comparison with the alternative group is characterized by a more pronounced antibodyalogenesis of all classes of antibodies (Ig M, Ig A, Ig G and IgE), which indicates their leading role in the formation of protective reactions in patients with blastocystosis. The established significant (90%) differences in the nature of relationships in the groups indicate that in patients depending on the effectiveness of their therapy, fundamentally different pathogenetic matrices of immune homeostasis are formed, which substantiates the possibility of using immune indicators as predictors.
Chest X-ray alone is insufficient for predicting drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
(Elsevier B.V., 2024-05) Pedersen, Ole Skouvig; Butova, Tetiana; Borovok, Natalia; Akymenko, Oleksandra; Sapelnik, Nadiya; Tantsura, Oleksandr; Knysh, Vitaliy; Fløe, Andreas; Butov, Dmytro
The role of centre and country factors on process and outcome indicators in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections
(Springer Verlag, 2024-06) Buetti, Niccolò; Tabah, Alexis; Setti, Nour; Ruckly, Stéphane; Barbier, François; Akova, Murat; Aslan, Abdullah Tarik; Leone, Marc; Bassetti, Matteo; Morris, Andrew Conway; Arvaniti, Kostoula; Paiva, José‑Artur; Ferrer, Ricard; Qiu, Haibo; Montrucchio, Giorgia; Cortegiani, Andrea; Kayaaslan, Bircan; De Bus, Liesbet; De Waele, Jan J.; Timsit, Jean‑François; Sokhan, A.; Burma, Ya.
Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between centre/country-based factors and two important process and outcome indicators in patients with hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HABSI). Methods: We used data on HABSI from the prospective EUROBACT-2 study to evaluate the associations between centre/country factors on a process or an outcome indicator: adequacy of antimicrobial therapy within the frst 24 h or 28-day mortality, respectively. Mixed logistical models with clustering by centre identifed factors associated with both indicators. Results: Two thousand two hundred nine patients from two hundred one intensive care units (ICUs) were included in forty-seven countries. Overall, 51% (n=1128) of patients received an adequate antimicrobial therapy and the 28-day mortality was 38% (n=839). The availability of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for aminoglycosides everyday [odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confdence interval (CI) 1.03–2.14] or within a few hours (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.34–2.38), surveillance cultures for multidrug-resistant organism carriage performed weekly (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.09–1.93), and increasing Human Development Index (HDI) values were associated with adequate antimicrobial therapy. The presence of intermediate care beds (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.84), TDM for aminoglycoside available everyday (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–1.00) or within a few hours (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37–0.70), 24/7 consultation of clinical pharmacists (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.95), percentage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) between 10% and 25% in the ICU (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.00–2.80), and decreasing HDI values were associated with 28-day mortality. Conclusion: Centre/country factors should be targeted for future interventions to improve management strategies and outcome of HABSI in ICU patients.
Clinical predictors of Вlastocystosis treatment efficacy
(Georgian Association of Business Press, 2024-04) Bodnia, I.; Bodnia, K.; Maslova, V.; Ogienko, V.; Pavliy, V.
Improvement of methods and criteria for diagnostics of human blastocystosis and selection of drugs for etiotropic therapy remain urgent scientific tasks of the present day. Clinical manifestations of blastocystosis in humans are diverse, and in this regard, their influential role on the effectiveness of blastocystosis therapy cannot be excluded. Materials and methods: To assess the predictor properties of clinical symptoms, we retrospectively analyzed them in 300 patients with blastocystosis in alternative groups: group A − with good therapeutic effect (n = 162) and group B − with satisfactory effect (n = 138). Group A included patients who had an overall regression rate of clinical symptoms ≥ 33% after 1 month from the start of treatment and ≤ 32% in group B. Results and discussions: Preliminary analysis showed that reliable differences between the groups were established for most clinical symptoms, which provided the basis for the development of a prognostic algorithm using a heterogeneous sequential Wald-Henkin procedure [19]. It was found that high prognostic informativity was shown by liver enlargement (J= 3,38), the presence of heaviness in the right subcostal area (J = 2,45), tachycardia (J = 1,76), decreased efficiency (J = 1,63), the degree of manifestation of clinical symptoms in general (J = 1,74), the nature of body temperature (J = 1,56), the presence of dizziness (J = 1,46) and duration of the disease (J = 1,07). Moderate predictive properties were characterized for the patient's age (J = 0,67) and the presence of vegeto-visceral dysfunction (J = 0,96), joint pain (J = 0,87), headache (J = 0,67), heart pain (J = 0,64), and muscle pain (J = 0,53). Low prognostic informativeness was established with regard to the presence of seizures (J = 0,42), lymphoadenopathy (J = 0,33) and spleen enlargement (J = 0,30). No predictor value was found for symptoms such as abdominal pain syndrome (J = 0,09), memory impairment (J = 0,008), skin manifestations (J = 0,04), jaundice (J = 0,02), and patient gender (J = 0,01). The testing of the predictive algorithm on the training group (n=300) established its high efficiency, as the erroneous predictions amounted to 3% and did not exceed the specified (5%; p < 0.05) level of reliability. Correct predictions amounted to 77% and uncertain predictions amounted to 20% of cases. Conclusions: Using the heterogeneous sequential Wald Genkin procedure, an algorithm was created to predict the effectiveness of therapy for patients with blastocystosis, which determined the values of the prognostic coefficients of each gradation of indicators and their general prognostic information content. The highest prognostic informativeness was found for clinical symptoms such as liver enlargement (J = 3,38), right subcostal heaviness (J = 2,45), tachycardia (J = 1,76), degree of manifestation of clinical symptoms (J = 1,74) and body temperature (J = 1,56). Testing the algorithm at 95% reliability level on the training group (n=300) revealed its high efficiency, as the erroneous predictions amounted to 3% and did not exceed the specified (5%; p < 0,05) reliability level. Correct predictions amounted to 77% and uncertain predictions amounted to 20% of cases.
Upgrading Master's Training for Higher Education Instructors in the Digital Era: Public Health Education as an Example
(Jacobs Verlag, 2024-05-24) Kasyanova, Olena; Kvasnyk, Olga; Bodnia, Igor; Rudnyeva, Iryna; Bespartochna, Olena; Poyasok, Tamara
This study elucidates the theoretical underpinnings and underscores the imperative of enhancing master's training programs for higher education teachers within the educational digitalization landscape on the public health education example. The research elucidates that at the core of this evolution lies the technological concept, necessitating the development of a meticulously grounded model for the purposeful and well organized training of higher education faculty within a digitally transformed educational framework. This model delineates a meticulously outlined structure, content framework, a judicious selection of methodologies and techniques, and a methodical integration of technological advancements to ensure the realization of desired educational outcomes. The structural-functional model encompasses integral components such as the methodological-objective facet (incorporating societal demands, educational objectives, conceptual approaches to professional development, and digitalization elements), the constructive-procedural dimension (comprising educational directions, organizational forms in the digital paradigm), the profession-specific aspect (encompassing content, technologies, methods, pedagogical tools), and the analytical-effective domain (defining criteria, process metrics, diagnostic tools), in conjunction with organizational-pedagogical parameters. Emphasis is placed on nurturing a tailored educational milieu and fostering educational innovations to augment the efficacy of training enhancements with a specific lens toward public health implications. The article substantiates the criteria and metrics for bolstering master's training initiatives for higher education instructors, underlining the distinct facets of national educational digitalization and the unique dynamics among higher education stakeholders. The contemporary relevance of revamping master's programs for teachers is underscored through exploring diverse digital learning formats employing information technologies, digital resources, and cloud-based tools. Initiatives aimed at reshaping the master's educational landscape to align with the digital era will entail validating the proposed model's efficacy through experimental validation across domestic and international educational realms.
Мультирезистентний туберкульоз як виклик системі охорони здоров'я: сучасний погляд на профілактичну стратегію
(2024-10-30) Юрко, Катерина Володимирівна; Соломенник, Ганна Олегівна; Могиленець, Олена Іванівна
Determination of the degree of inflammatory response in patients with COVID-19 infection by interleukin-6 levels
(MDPC Publishing, 2024) Andrusovych, Inna
An inflammatory reaction and subsequent severe organ damage play an undeniable role in the pathogenesis of disorders in patients with COVID-19 infection. Clinically, this is manifested by severe acute respiratory syndrome, which is characterized by diffuse damage to the alveoli at the level of hyaline membranes. The immune response in this case can manifest itself in the form of a cytokine storm: in the vast majority of patients, there is a significant increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor-α.
Concomitant pathology of patients with COVID-19 infection
(Perfect Publishing, 2024) Andrusovych, Inna
Many studies have shown that a more severe course of COVID-19 is associated with the presence of comorbidities. Thus, the risk of hospitalization in patients with bronchial asthma is 1.5 times higher, and in patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus - 4 and 3 times higher, respectively. Among the risk factors that significantly affect the deterioration of COVID-19, the researchers consider the following: older age, male gender, and comorbidities. For example, in the presence of concomitant hypertension, the risk of mortality increases by at least 1.7-3.5 times, and in the presence of grade I-II obesity - by 3 times. According to Pranata et al, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathology was the leading comorbidity in patients with COVID-19. Another meta-analysis by Pranata et al. showed the impact of concomitant hypertension on the course of COVID-19: hypertension was significantly associated with total negative outcomes of COVID-19: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.11 [95.0% confidence intervals (CI) 1.85-2.40], p < 0.001.
Value of clinical blood analysis indicators of patients with COVID-19 infection
(SPC “Sci-conf.com.ua”, 2024) Andrusovych, Inna
Emerging in late 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has quickly become global with extraordinary rates of morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization defines COVID-19 as a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This is the third zoonotic coronavirus that has caused an epidemic in recent years. Bats can be considered the primary reservoir of infection, as the virus isolated from them has a high affinity to SARS-CoV-2. This type of coronavirus primarily affects the epithelium of the respiratory tract, entering the cells through interaction with the receptors of the angiotensin 2-converting enzyme.
Історичні і науково-практичні аспекти створення Науково-дослідного інституту гігієни праці та профзахворювань Харківського національного медичного університету
(2024) Ходош, Едуард Михайлович; Щербань, Микола Гаврилович; Мельник, Олег Григорович
This article, in the form of a historical and scientific-practical review, reveals the stages of development of the «Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of the Kharkiv National Medical University. This scientific and practical institution was the first in Ukraine and the third in the world Institute of Occupational Medicine. The decision to organize was made at the First Congress of Labor Medicine on May 7, 1923 in the city of Kharkiv, which was a big step forward in the development of understanding of occupational diseases and optimization of their treatment. The history of the establishment and development over 100 years of scientific and practical activity of the institute is highlighted. A line of outstanding scientists and organizers with whose participation the institute and this field of clinical medicine was created and developed is presented. But this is not a memoir, but a scientific and practical analysis. Analysis of science and mental discipline.