Кафедра гігієни, епідеміології, дезінфектології та професійних хвороб
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Item Virological Monitoring of Wastewater as an Element of Surveillance for Emergent and Re-Emergent Infections(Publisher PH «Akademperiodyka» of the NAS of Ukraine, 2024) Zadorozhna, V.; Liulchuk, M.; Podavalenko, Alla; Malysh, N.; Surmasheva, O.; Raksha-Sliusareva, O.; Murashko, O.The risk of biological threats has been constantly increasing in recent years. This is due both to the adaptation of avian and animal pathogens to the human organism as a result of the expansion of the area of human activity and to the development of biotechnologies. Viruses predominate among these pathogens. Examples in recent years are the COVID-19 pandemic and the continued spread of monkeypox (MPX). The situation requires the search for objects for research that would have a high informative value and could help in assessing and predicting the spread of infections. The article analyzed and assessed the potential and importance of virological monitoring of wastewater as an element of surveillance for emergent and re-emergent infections, using the example of some of them (enterovirus infections — poliomyelitis and infection caused by enterovirus D68, COVID-19, and MPX). Monitoring of enteroviruses in wastewater is a routine practice in many countries. Poliomyelitis is subject to eradication, and its incidence is extremely low. The study of wastewater makes it possible to indirectly detect the circulation of poliovirus among people, determine its molecular genetic characteristics («wild», vaccine, vaccine- derived poliovirus), the duration of circulation, and ways of spread and take appr measures in a timely manner. Enterovirus type D68 gained relevance as a re-emergent infection starting in 2014. Large outbreaks caused by it began to be registered in the USA, Canada, and then in the European region. Previously, the virus caused minor respiratory symptoms, but now it has become the cause of severe acute respiratory disease, particularly in children, and has also acquired neurovirulent properties. Its monitoring in wastewater allows for assessing the actual intensity of the epidemic process of this infection in certain territories and in certain countries, which cannot always be done based on clinical diagnosis without an additional etiological diagnosis. During the 3 years of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has taken root in the human population, but a new parasitic system continues to develop. Wastewater monitoring makes it possible to assess the intensity of the epidemic process of COVID-19, which is supported by manifest forms of infection, asymptomatic persistence of the virus, and convalescents. It also allows for analyzing the eff ectiveness of quarantine and other restrictive measures, detecting genetic changes in the virus and trends in the formation of new variants of the virus. Since May 2022, MРХ has gone beyond the borders of endemic countries and began to spread rapidly, acquiring the character of are-emergent infection. A variant of the pathogen (clade 3) began to evolve and became transmissible from person to person. The disease it causes began to radically diff er from the previously known MRC due to changes in pathogenesis and epidemiological features. First of all, this concerns the pronounced anthroponotic characteristics of re-emergent MРХ in comparison with the zoonotic manifestations of the previously known endemic MРХ. The article discusses the results of studies conducted in different countries on the determination of MPX virus (MPXV) nucleicacids in wastewater samples using OPG002 gene analysis of all MPXVs (G2R_G), the West African clade (G2R_WA), and virus reference genomes of MPXV of the outbreak in 2022 (G2R_NML). Thus, virological monitoring of wastewater can be used as an eff ective element of surveillance for most infectious diseases, in particular, emergent and re-emergent ones.Item Influence of Meteorological Factors on Covid-19 Incidence in the Conditions of Ukraine(Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2023-04) Podavalenko, Alla; Malysh, Nina; Kuzmenko, Olga; Zadorozhna, Viktoriya; Kolomiets, Svitlana; Chemych, OksanaThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a problem for the health care systems of many countries around the world. Seasonal nature of influenza and other the respiratory viral diseasesis commonly known. The nature of the relationship between the frequency of registration of cases of COVID-19 and natural factors is still being studied by researchers. The purpose is to determine the influence of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure on the incidence of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 in the conditions of Ukraine.Item Analysis of the epidemic situation of the COVID-19 coronavirus infection in Ukraine(2023-04-30) Podavalenko, Alla; Malysh, Nina; Zadorozhna, Viktoriya; Zhuk, Kateryna; Zaitseva, Galina; Chorna, InnaThe epidemic process of COVID-19 in the world developed rapidly. The situation with mor bidity, despite the establishment of quarantine, the introduction of restrictive anti-epidemic measures, and vaccination, remains difficult. The results of research on the influence of meteorological factors on the dynamics of the incidence of COVID-19, hospitalization, and mortality are ambiguous and contradictory. The purpose of this study is to analyze the indicators of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19 in Ukraine, and to establish the level of influence of meteorological factors on them. A high variation in morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality rates was observed in Ukraine, in 2020‒2021. A total of 3 waves of disease growth were established. The curve of hospitalization indicators of patients with COVID-19 had a correlation dependence on the incidence curve r= 0.766 (р <0.05), the maximum rates of hospitalization and mortality were registered in September–December 2021. A direct strong correlation was established between the frequency of registration of cases of COVID-19 and mortality — r= 0.899 (р <0.05). Most cases of COVID-19 were registered in the cold season, the least in June–August. Inverse correlations of moderate strength were established between the indicators of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality and air temperature levels (–0.370< r <–0.461). Direct correlations of average strength (0.538< r <0.632) were established with the levels of relative air humidityPublication Conditions for the expansion of СOVID-19 in the regions of the Northern part of Ukraine Conditions for the expansion of СOVID-19 in Ukraine(2023-09-07) Korzh, Alexei; Georgiyants, Marine; Podavalenko, Alla; Nessonova, Tetyana; Maslova, Valentyna; Bereznyakov, Vladislav; Asoyan, IrinaBackground: The intensity of the COVID-19 epidemic process in the administrative territories of Ukraine differs. Risk factors for the spread of this infection have not been sufficiently studied, which prevents the development of adequate preventive and anti-epidemic measures at the local level. Objectives: Conduct an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 in the regions of the Northern part of Ukraine and identify the leading risk factors for spread. Material and Methods: The incidence of COVID-19 was analyzed for 73 weeks and 28 predictors. Fourier’s spectral analysis, Feature Selection and Variable Filtering method of the Data mining module, Irwin’s method, integral visual coefficient was used. Results. There were two rises in the incidence of COVID-19, the cyclicity was 18 - 24 weeks. The conditions for the spread of COVID-19 cases in the regions of the Northern part have been established, namely: the number of people and the elderly in the family, demographic and migration processes. Violation of regime-restrictive measures leads to abnormal rises in morbidity. Conclusions. The epidemic situation in the Northern part remains volatile, as there are conditions for the spread of COVID-19 that cannot be eliminated, as well as some, that need to be developed (tourism, demographic processes, financing, etc.). Therefore, compliance with restrictive measures and vaccination of the population of the region remain the main preventive measures.