Наукові праці. Кафедра судової медицини, медичного правознавства імені заслуженого професора М.С. Бокаріуса

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Dermatoglyphic features of the mеn's feet in different ciscarpathian ethno-territorial groups
(2021) Gunas, I.; Dunaev, O.; Popadynets, O.; Kozovіy, R.; Kindrativ, E.
In the course of the study, we analyzed the ridge, delta count and the frequency of dermatoglyphic parameters locatedon the plantar surfaces of the feet, studied the correlations between the pattern type and ridge and delta counts. It is esta blishedthat between dermatoglyphic signs of feet in men of different ethno-territorial groups of Prykarpattia (Boyks, Lemkos, Hutsuls)there are differences that allow to differentiate these ethno -territorial groups: Hutsuls have a low numerical value of the ridgecount, no whorl and high frequency of loop patterns; for Boykоs it is a low numerical value of the delta account and a lowfrequency of whorl patterns; for Lemkos it is a high numerical value of the ridge and delta account, a significant frequency ofwhorl patterns.
Morphological features of the uterus in women at different time intervals of the postmortem period as diagnostic criteria for establishing the postmortem interval
(2021) Olkhovsky, Vasil; Grygorian, Edgar; Myroshnychenko, Mykhailo; Kozlov, Sergii; Suloiev, Kostiantyn; Polianskyi, Anton; Kaplunovskyi, Petro; Fedulenkova, Yuliia; Borzenkova, Iryna
The aim is to identify the morphological features of the uterus layers in women at different time intervals of the postmortem period as diagnostic criteria for establishing the postmortem interval. Materials and methods: In the study we used surgical and autopsy material – uterine tissue fragments. All materials were divided into two groups. The 1st group (G 1) included surgical material from women (n=6) who underwent removal of the uterus, or uterus with the appendages due to leiomyoma, uterine prolapse. The 2nd group (G 2) included autopsy material from 42 women with known causes of death and postmortem period (from 24 to 48 hours – 6 cases, from 49 to 72 hours – 7 cases, from 73 to 96 hours – 8 cases, from 97 to 120 hours – 6 cases, from 121 to 144 hours – 8 cases, more than 144 hours – 7 cases). Histological and immunohistochemical study methods were used. Results: A comprehensive morphological study of the women uterus revealed a time-dependent increase of postmortem changes in this organ linked with the increase of postmortem period. In cases of postmortem period duration up to 144 hours, the structural elements of the uterine layers were identified. In cases where the duration of the postmortem period was more than 145 hours, microscopically the uterus was represented by eosinophilic fibrous or dusty masses, the histogenesis of which could not be determined. The processes of autolysis occurred more intensely and faster in the mucous membrane of the uterus, in comparison with the muscular and serous membranes, and in the vessels – in their inner membrane, in comparison with the middle and outer membranes. Autolytic changes in the muscular membrane of the uterus and vascular walls occurred more intensely in muscle fibers compared to connective tissue fibers. Conclusions: The histological and immunohistochemical features of the women uterus at different postmortem periods have a certain forensic medical significance and can be used for establishing the postmortem interval.
Cholinesterase in different types of the muscle tissue during the early postmortem period for diagnosis of death coming
(Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2021) Cherkashina, Lidiya; Shklyar, Anton; Sukhonosov, Roman; Miroshnikova, Olha; Naguta, Ludmyla; Olkhovskiy, Vasyl; Demikhova, Nadiia; Kuts, Larysa; Barchan, Ganna; Sukhomlyn, Ganna; Kyptenko, Ludmila
The purpose of the research: consisted in study of postmortem regularities in the content of cholinesterase in different types of muscle tissue (MT) for improving accuracy of determination of the prescription of death coming PDC.Materials and methods: The activity/level of cholinesterase was determined in homogenates of the myocardial (MMH), oesophageal (OMH), diaphragm (DMH) and intercostal muscles (IMH)within the early PMP (3-13 hours after the coming of death) on 30 human corpses. MTwas sampled in conditions of postmortem biopsy with use of special instruments; MT homogenates were prepared following the standard technique with subsequent determination of cholinesterase content in MT homogenates. Results and discussion: The analysis of postmortem changes in the content of cholinesterase in MT depending upon PDC revealed that after 3 hours from the moment of death coming its highest content was in muscles of the oesophagus, the least one being in MT of the intercostal muscles (respectively, (2,717.1±37.1) and (883.5±6.2) U/g, р<0.001). Levels of cholinesterase content in MT of the myocardium and diaphragm were rather close, though they differed (respectively, (1,213.8±8.8) and (1,512.8±11.5) U/g, р<0.05), and occupied an intermediate place between the corresponding values of MT of the intercostal muscles and oesophagus.A common pattern for the content of cholinesterase in different types of MT was characterized by a decrease of this content with an increase in PDC terms; besides, the dynamic lines of its changes, that we obtained, became basic ones for substantiating quantitative time dependencies and construction of relevant nomograms for forensic diagnosis of PDC by cholinesterase content in MT. Conclusions: It was proved that the content of cholinesterase in all MT homogenates, which we studied, changed regularly (and nonlinearly), but the initial and final levels of cholinesterase content differed depending upon the type of MT. Besides, the dynamics in changes of the content of cholinesterase within the time period of 3÷13 hours from the moment of death coming differed upon the type of MT too. Advantages of the technique consist in theintegrity of biochemical examination of different types of MT and simplicity in interpretation of findings. The application of the nomogram technique for assessing PDC by cholinesterase content in MT makes it possible to improve the accuracy of diagnosis for terms of the coming of death up to 60 minutes.
Postmortem Interval Assessment Criteria : A Retrospective Study
(2020) Olkhovsky, Vasil; Kliuiev, Oleksandr; Grygorian, Edgar; Gubin, Mykola; Simakova-Yefremian, Ella; Khosha, Vadym
Introduction, Materials and Methods : In this study, an analysis of forensic medical reports was conducted in order to define new criteria for postmortem interval (PMI) assessment, to improve the accuracy of its determination by forensic medical experts. In the study, 2972 forensic medical examinations of corpses were analyzed. The location of the corpse, Degree of fatness, Body length, Age and Histological changes of some internal organs were observed. Dynamometry method was used for Postmortem Interval (PMI) estimation. The results were calculated using Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results : There was a significant moderate correlation of histological changes of some internal organs; weak correlation of corpse location, degree of fatness, body length; and significant very weak correlation of age (p <0.05).
Features of mechanical injuries of the lower extremities according to a forensic medical examination: a retrospective analysis
(2020) Sokol, Viacheslav; Sokol, Kostyantin; Kolesnichenko, Vira
The aim: To study the structure of lower extremities’ mechanical injuries and the reasons for an additional (commission) forensic medical examination appointment, according to a retrospective analysis. Materials and methods: research protocols were116 reports of additional (commission) forensic medical examinations of victims with mechanical trauma to lower extremities; research methods – retrospective analysis, statistical method. Reports of forensic medical commission examination were selected by random sampling, for the period February – June 2018. Results: As a result of a retrospective analysis of commission (additional) forensic medical examination, the prevalence of road traffic injuries (109; 94.0% cases) in mechanical injuries of the lower extremities was established. Domestic (5; 4.2%), work (1; 0.9%) and sports (1; 0.9%) injuries were also indicated It was found that to establish the degree of permanent disability loss according to the outcome of fractures of the femur and shin bones, commission examinations were appointed in 24.1% of cases. The main reason for the commission examinations appointment was to establish the bodily injuries presence (6.9%), as well as to establish the bodily injuries presence and their severity (62.9%) in cases of road traffic injury (lethal and non-lethal). Conclusions: The use of commission forensic medical examination is mainly related to the criminal law criteria of the preliminary investigation stage. The reason for conducting commission examinations on medical criteria is to establish the outcome of a fracture of the lower limb.
Method of forensic assessment of risk factors of treatment failure outcomes as an element of quality management of medical care
(2020) Sokol, Viacheslav; Kolesnichenko, Vira; Sokol, Kostyantin; Smiianov, Vladyslav
The aim: The aim of this research was to study causes of the development of adverse outcomes in isolated femоral diaphyseal fractures. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the protocols of clinical and radiological examination of 21 patients was performed. Based on the initial expert assessment, these patients have not been established the severity of injuries due to the development of complications in the postoperative period. Conclusions: Patient-dependent, implant-dependent, and surgery-dependent causes that caused a violation of the stability of osteosynthesis (95.2%) were identified. This led to a secondary displacement of bone fragments (71.4%), delayed fracture consolidation (61.9%), the formation of pseudarthrosis (38.1%), the development of post-traumatic osteomyelitis (14,3), migration of screws from the osseous plate (47.6%), and the development of post-traumatic contracture of the knee joint (81.0%).
Structure of long bone fractures of lower limbs at a car injury
(2020) Sokol, Viacheslav
The most traumatized body region in road traffic accidents is the lower extremities, however, the structure of fractures has not been adequately studied. Objective: to study the structure of long bones fractures of the lower extremities in various nonlethal car injuries. Material and methods. The research material was 116 reports of primary forensic medical examinations of victims with fractures of the femur and/or shin bones resulting from a car injury. When studying the frequency of damage to various areas of the body and the frequency of fractures of long bones of the lower extremities, it was taken into account that 28 victims with polytrauma had multiple injuries, and thus 116 patients revealed 232 injuries of various areas of the body and 138 fractures of long bones of the lower legs. Research methods — retrospective analysis, descriptive statistics. Results. The main contingent of those injuries in the car accident was car drivers (8.5%) and pedestrians (47.3 %) aged 31–50 years. In the general group, the shin (37.9 %), thigh (21.6 %), head (13.8 %) were most injured areas, in the group of car drivers — neck, thigh, chest, shin, in the group of passengers — head, shin and thigh; pedestrians — shin, thigh, head. Due to the predominance of anterior (41.4 %) and anterolateral collisions of a moving car in the group as a whole, in cases of the of pedestrians injuries as well as in cases of in-cabin injuries, the presence of bumper fractures of the lower leg bones, as well as fractures of the femur of various localization, was observed. Conclusions. According to the initial forensic medical examination, a collision of a moving car with a pedestrian (78.4 %) and a collision of moving vehicles (21.6 %) were observed in the structure of non-lethal car accidents. In this case, diaphyseal fractures of the femur (29.8 %) and the shin bones (47.1 %) in the general group and in the group of pedestrians (20.4 and 40.7 %, respectively) predominated. Fractures of the femur of various localization were most often detected also in the in-cabin injuries (50.0 % of the total number of fractures in drivers and passengers).
Relation of postmortem changes development and exact postmortem interval
(2020) Grygorian, Edgar; Olkhovsky, Vasil; Gubin, Mykola
Purpose: Precise postmortem interval evaluation is crucial in cases when violent types of death are suspected by a forensic medical examiner. There are different factors that could affect results of postmortem interval (PMI) evaluation by a forensic medical expert. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the known postmortem time interval and the degree of particular postmortem changes development. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 116 forensic medical examinations of deceased persons (of them, 58 females and 58 males), in cases of non-violent death, was performed. The data about the time of death was obtained from police preliminary records provided to the examination - only the cases with known time of death were included in the study. Postmortem changes were evaluated by Total Body Score (TBS) [1] at equal time interval after death (48 hours ± 3 hours). Interconnection between postmortem changes degree and PMI was estimated using Spearman's rank correlation. Difference between sexes was evaluated using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: "Thickness of clothes" criterion reached the highest positive correlation coefficient, "ambient temperature" criterion had also a significant positive correlation. The rest of the studied criteria had very weak correlation with the development of postmortem changes. Conclusions: Several criteria had significant (p < 0.05), yet week, impact on the postmortem changes development. The other criteria were statistically insignificant.
U100: An Innovative USERN Platform for Education and Research Without Borders
(2020) Momtazmanesh, Sara; Rahmani, Farzaneh; Delavari, Farnaz; Vahedi, Zahra; Ebadirad, Saleheh; Keshavarz-Fathi, Mahsa; Moallemian, Marjan; Ashkevarian, Saboura; Kolahi, Reza Mohammad; Samimiat, Alireza; Raei, Nahid; Rouzrokh, Pouria; Alesaeidi, Samira; Jaberipour, Ali; Bakhshi, Sara; Paryad-Zanjani, Sasan; Perc, Matjaz; Uddin, Lucina Q.; Allali, Abdelkader; Sullivan, Kathleen; Taher, Abbas; Baris, Safa; Ozen, Ahmet; Karakoc-Aydiner, Elif; Aldave, Juan Carlos; Hamzah, Amir; Latiff, Abdul; Al-Herz, Waleed; Phantumvanit, Prathip; Stashchak, Anzhela; Kryvenko, Oleksandr; Stashchak, Mykola; Utomo, Didik; Salunke, Deepak; Kelishadi, Roya; Hedayati, Mojtaba; Hosseini, Shahrokh Mirza; Bondarenko, Anastasiia; Goudouris, Ekaterini; Condino-Neto, Antonio; Vieira, Duarte Nuno; Ulrichs, Timo; Pavalkis, Dainius; Rosivall, László; Ochs, Hans; Rezaei, Nima
All together to Fight Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
(2020) Momtazmanesh, Sara; Ochs, Hans D.; Uddin, Lucina Q.; Perc, Matjaz; Routes, John M.; Vieira, Duarte Nuno; Al-Herz, Waleed; Baris, Safa; Prando, Carolina; Rosivall, Laszlo; Latiff, Amir Hamzah Abdul; Ulrichs, Timo; Stashchak, Anzhela; Kryvenko, Oleksandr; Stashchak, Mykola; Bondarenko, Anastasiia; Rezaei, Nima
Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), named a pandemic by the WHO, is the current global health crisis. National and international collaboration are indispensable for combating COVID-19 and other similar potential outbreaks. International efforts to tackle this complex problem have led to remarkable scientific advances. Yet, as a global society, we can and must take additional measures to fight this pandemic. Undoubtedly, our approach toward COVID-19 was not perfect, and testing has not been deployed fast enough to arrest the epidemic early on. It is critical that we revise our approaches to be more prepared for pandemics as a united body by promoting global cooperation and commitment.