Наукові праці. Кафедра судової медицини, медичного правознавства імені заслуженого професора М.С. Бокаріуса
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Item Manifestations of cruel, inhuman types of behavior and torture of Ukrainian military who died in captivity(2024) Gunas, Maryna; Mishalov, Volodymyr; Voroshilov, Kostyantyn; Petroshak, Olexandr; Khyzhniak, Volodymyr; Makarenko, Oksana; Morgun, Andriy; Gunas, ValeryThe given information and forensic medical characteristics of injuries found on the bodies of Ukrainian soldiers who were in Russian captivity and died as a result of cruel, inhuman treatment and torture in 2022–2023. According to their nature and morphological features, the damage could be the result of high temperature action using hot metal objects, but more likely, the result of the use of electric current conductors (bare end of the wire). In other cases, after the exhumation of the occupied territory of the Kharkiv region, the manifestations of torture were brain injuries and fractures of the bones of the body caused by blunt hard objects with a limited surface. All the injuries described by us correspond both to the list of physical evidence of torture of the “Istanbul Protocol” and to the list of war crimes of the “Rome Statute”.Item Forensic medical assessment of morphological changesat different postmortem interval(2021) Grygorian, Edgar; Gubin, Mykola; Olkhovsky, Vasil; Shishkin, VolodymirPurpose: The postmortem interval (PMI) evaluation is one of priorities while performing aforensic medical examination of corpse. To date, there is lack of information on morphologicalpostmortem changes of some internal organs. Considering the persistent need to develop themethod for a precise assessment of PMI, postmortem changes in these potentially informativeorgans were evaluated. The aim of study was to analyze morphological postmortem changesin prostate and uterus. Materials and Methods: histological samples of 40 prostate and40 uterine tissues (n=80) from corpses of deceased aged 18–75 years. Only cases withknown time of death were included to study, the time of death was taken from policereports. Exclusion criteria were cases of violent death, death with massive blood loss, tumorsof studied internal organs and cases when diagnosis was not made by a forensic medicalexaminer. The PMI of studied cases ranged from 1 to 6 days. Histological slides were madewith a staining by hematoxylin and eosin, x200 magnification, using Olympus ÂÕ41 andOlympus ÂÕ46 microscopes, Olympus SC50 camera. Postmortem morphological changeswere evaluated by a calculation of blank spaces percentage in microscopical structuresusing a JS-based software. Relationship between PMI and morphological changes wascalculated by the Spearman's rank correlation. Results: the average percentage of blankspaces in uterine tissues was smaller than in prostate tissues (1.99 and 9.65, respectively).The slower growing of blank spaces was in uterus. In prostate samples, a notable increaseof blank spaces was observed between 48 and 72 hours after death. After this period, theincrease slowed down and then an increase was observed again between 120 and 144 hoursafter death. In uterine samples, a slight acceleration was observed between 72 and 120 hoursafter death and then slowing down between 120 and 144 hours after death. Blank spaces inevaluated histological slides were increasing directly proportional to the PMI, a statisticallysignificant interconnection was defined (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The morphological post-mortem changes in prostate and uterus were developing at certain time frames. Blank spacespercentage, in studied histological slides, were increasing directly proportional to the PMIincrease, a statistically significant interconnection was defined. Therefore, the results ofstudy show the possibility of the evaluation of a postmortem time interval by assessing suchmorphological changes in these organs, which could be used in forensic medical casesItem Comparative analysis of several external factors which affect the development of postmortem changes(2020) Grygorian, EdgarCorrelations between external factors and postmortem changes’ development were defined. The retrospective analysis of forensic medical reports was performed. To assess the level of postmortem changes’ development, the Total Body Score method was used. The analysis revealed that, in studied cases, there were weak correlations of: 1) the ambient temperature, in which the biggest mean correlation value, among studied factors, was observed; 2) thickness of clothes on corpse; 3) duration of postmortem stay outdoors. The other studied factors showed very weak connection with postmortem changes’ development. Also, no substantial differences between the genders were observed. These results could be used as to the elaborate the present methods of postmortem interval evaluation, as to develop the new techniques of its assessment.Item The dynamics of changes in biochemical markers of the state of tissue in intercostal muscles during the early postmortem period(2020) Cherkashina, Lidiya; Konoval, Nataliia; Shklyar, Anton; Najar, Saleh; Haidash, Olena; Kuts, Larysa; Gortinskaya, Olena; Demikhova, NadiiaThe aim of study was to evaluate structural and biochemical changes in the tissue of intercostal muscles during the early postmortem period (PMP) – 3-13 hours. Material and methods. Absolute and relative values of the concentration of glycogen, acid phosphatase, lactate, lactate degydrogenase, lipofuscin and cholinesterase during the early PMP were determined on 30 human corpses by results of study of the tissue of intercostal muscles. Results. It was proved that the early PMP was characterized by proper biochemical and biophysical changes of the muscular tissue, the most demonstrative of them were as follows: a reduction in the concentration of glycogen and dynamic increases in the concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase and lipofuscin. For all six biochemical markers, representative absolute and relative values of their popstmortem content in homogenates of intercostal muscles depending upon the prescription of death coming were obtained. It was found out that the concentration of glycogen during the analysed time intervals ranged from (7.821±0.0649) mg/g in 3 hours after death coning to (3.204±0.030) mg/g in 13 hours after the coming of death, reliably (p<0.001) differing every 2 hours of PMP. The dynamics in the concentration of lactate were found to be demonstrative and characterized by its progressive (p<0.01) increase within the period of 9 hours from the moment of death coming: from (6.847±0.042) mmol/g after 3 hours to (12.960±0.085) mmol/g after 9 hours. The level of lipofuscin concentration in the analysed time intervals progressively rose too: from (2.258±0.031) U/g in 3 hours to (5.589±0.030) U/g in 13 hours, reliably (p<0.001) differing every 2 hours of PMP. Conclusions.Paired correlative indices between biochemical and biophysical markers of the state of tissue of intercostal muscles were examined in their systemic relationships and proper system-creating coefficients were determined by six time intervals of the early PMP, in its turn making it possible to substantiate those of them that were criterially significant for increasing the accuracy of diagnosis of prescription of death coming.