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Item Anatomical variability of the alveolar process of the maxilla based on multislice computed tomography data(2024) Shiyan, D.; Kysylenko, K.; Trach, O.; Трач, Ольга Олександрівна; Yurevych, N.; Lupyr, M.; Alekseeva, V.Modern research methods, widely implemented in routine medical practice, open new horizons for the study of anatomical structures. The maxilla is one of the regions of the human skull that shows significant variability with age and gender. This is due to the peculiarities of tooth eruption and age-related changes in the periodontium and adjacent structures, which undoubtedly affect the structure of the alveolar process, sometimes drastically altering it over time. Aim: The aim of our study was to determine the anatomical variability of the alveolar process of the maxilla based on multislice computed tomography data. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted based on the results of 400 spiral computed tomography scans of males and females aged 18 to 95 years with detection of the anatomical variability of the alveolar process.Item Development of the related anemic syndrome in various types of endocrine pathology(2020) Piriatinska, Nataliia; Пірятінська, Наталія Євгенівна; Пирятинская, Наталья Евгеньевна; Vdovichenko, V.; Bakuridze-Manina, V.; Nekhanevych, O.; Yurevych, N.; Trach, Olga; Трач, Ольга Олександрівна; Трач, Ольга Александровна; Saprichova, L.; Zolotko, KyryloAnemia is a public health problem in almost all countries in the world, negatively affects human health, affects all sectors of the population and creates serious negative socio-economic consequences. The fact of anemia is the basis for stating a pathological condition that requires a nosological diagnosis with the identification of the causes of anemia. The article presents a review of modern literature, covering the impact of endocrine pathology on the development of various types of anemia in humans. The importance of biologically active substances in normal erythropoiesis is described, the role of erythropoietin and the action of hormones of the endocrine glands on its formation are considered. Endocrine pathologies such as hypo- and hyperthyroidism, hypo- and hyperparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus, insufficiency of the pituitary, hypothalamus, sex glands, adrenal glands and features of the development of anemic conditions are discussed. An analysis of the literature showed that an increase or decrease in the function of individual endocrine glands leads to a disruption in the formation of erythropoietin, impaired absorption of iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 and, as a result, ineffective erythropoiesis. Anemia negatively affects the course of the underlying disease, significantly worsening its prognosis, and its treatment is more often effective only in conjunction with the adjustment of hormonal status. Despite significant progress in the study of the pathogenesis of anemia, the emergence of new scientific data on the issues and mechanisms of regulation of erythropoiesis, classification options for anemia are still being discussed, the criteria for diagnosing a number of anemias and its combination with chronic diseases of endocrine and non-endocrine nature are being reviewed.Publication Individual anatomical variability of the longitudinal dimensions of the lower jaw in men(International Scientific Unity, 2024) Melnyk, B.; Boiagina, O.; Боягіна, Ольга Дмитрівна; Samosudova, L.; Самосудова, Людмила ВікторівнаThe issue of studying individual anatomical variability of skull bones does not lose its relevance. In order to improve methods of diagnosis and treatment of various diseases and anomalies of skull development, it is very important to have complete information about individual anatomical variability of skull structures. This necessity is primarily associated with the rapid development of maxillofacial surgery and orthodontics. For the successful treatment of the patient, one cannot do without an in-depth study of the features of the bones: their thickness, linear dimensions, craniotopographic relationships between the structures of the skull depending on gender and craniotype.Item Shape of cerebral hemispheres: structural and spatial complexity. Quantitative analysis of skeletonized MR images(2022) Maryenko, Nataliia; Stepanenko, OleksandrFor quantitative characterization of the complexity of the spatial configuration of anatomical structures, including cerebral hemispheres, fractal analysis is the most often used method, in addition to which, other methods of image analysis are quite promising, including quantitative analysis of skeletonized images. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of the structural and spatial complexity of the cerebral hemispheres shape using quantitative analysis of skeletonized magnetic resonance images of the cerebral hemispheres. Magnetic resonance brain images of 100 conditionally healthy individuals (who did not have structural changes in the brain) of both sexes (56 women, 44 men) aged 18-86 years (average age 41.72±1.58 years) were studied, 5 tomographic sections (4 coronal sections and 1 axial section) were selected from the set of tomographic images of each brain. During preprocessing, image segmentation was performed to obtain a binary silhouette image, after which silhouette skeletonizing was carried out. Quantitative analysis of skeletonized images included determination of the following parameters: branches, junctions, end-point voxels, junction voxels, slab voxels, triple points, quadruple points, average branch length, maximum branch length. We divided quantitative parameters of skeletonized images into two groups. The first group included branches, junctions, end-point voxels, junction voxels, slab voxels, triple points, quadruple points. These parameters were related to each other and to the values of the fractal dimension by positive correlations. The second group of parameters included average branch length, maximum branch length. These parameters were positively correlated, but they had negative correlations with most of the parameters of the first group and with fractal dimension values. Quantitative parameters and fractal dimension turned out to be better parameters for characterizing the spatial and structural complexity of the cerebral hemispheres shape than traditional morphometric parameters (area, perimeter and their derivatives). It was found that the values of most of the investigated quantitative parameters decreased with age; coronal sections were the most representative for characterizing age-related changes. Quantitative assessment of the brain shape, including spatial and structural complexity, can become an informative tool for the diagnosis of some nervous diseases and the differentiation of pathological and normal age-related changes.Item Folia of human cerebellum: structure and variations(2021) Maryenko, Nataliia; Stepanenko, OleksandrThe aim of the study was to describe possible variations in size and shape of folia of human cerebellum to determine morphological and morphometric characteristics of normal cerebellar folia. Cadaveric material (cerebella of 50 people) was studied. It was shown that cerebellar folia aren’t uniform in size and shape. We developed the original classification of cerebellar folia. The folia were divided into 3 types according to folium height (small, medium and large) and width (small, medium and large). 9 anatomical variants of cerebellar folia were described in accordance with the shape and ratio of height and width of the folia. Different cerebellar lobules and branches have different folial variants, but all described folial types and variants may be found in a single cerebellum. The results of the study may be helpful to distinguish normal and abnormal cerebellar folia to diagnose cerebellar malformations in clinical neuroimaging and morphological studies of cerebellum.Item Anatomical variants of the structure of the coronary arteries of the heart(ТДМУ, 2013-10) Масловський, Сергій Юрійович; Масловский, Сергей Юрьевич; Maslovsky, Sergey; Дуденко, Владимир Григорьевич; Дуденко, Володимир Григорович; Dudenko, Volodymyr; Бондаренко, Д.А.; Бондаренко, Д.А.; Bondarenko, D.Item Fractal dimension of cerebellum in acute cerebellar infarction (magnetic resonance imaging study)(2022) Maryenko, Nataliia; Stepanenko, OleksandrThe aim of the study was to determine the values of fractal dimension of the cerebellum in acute cerebellar infarction using the quantitative study of magnetic resonance images of brain. Materials and methods: In this study, 11 patients with acute cerebellar infarction and 120 persons without structural changes in the brain (control group) were enrolled. T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain were investigated. Fractal analysis was performed using pixel dilatation method. The values of fractal dimension of the cerebellar tissue as a whole and fractal dimension of the outer contour of the cerebellar tissue were determined. The fractal dimension values were measured in the following areas: cerebellar vermis (superior and inferior cerebellar lobes), foci of cerebellar infarction and areas adjacent to the foci (superior and inferior cerebellar lobes). Results: It was established that the values of fractal dimension of cerebellar tissue as a whole and fractal dimension of the outer contour of the cerebellar tissue in the area of cerebellar ischaemic infarction foci were significantly decreased compared to the control group. There was no significant difference between fractal dimension values of the cerebellar vermis, areas adjacent to infarction foci in patients with cerebellar infarction and vermal fractal dimension values in the control group. Conclusions: Fractal analysis of cerebellar magnetic resonance images may be used as an additional quantitative method to diagnose acute cerebellar infarction and to assess ischaemic foci to detect the boundaries between damaged and undamaged cerebellar tissue.Item Effects of anthropometric factors on human cerebellum weight and its developmental dynamics(2015) Степаненко, Олександр Юрійович; Степаненко, Александр Юрьевич; Stepanenko, OleksandrThe aim of the present work was to study the relationship between cerebellum weight and its evelopmental dynamics on the one hand and body length and type of physique on the other. Studies involved 295 corpses of both genders (173 men and 122 women) dying at age 20–99 years. Body length was measured, along with the cross-sectional diameter of the thoracic cage and cerebellum weight. Somatotypes were identifi ed using the Rice-Eysenck index. Human cerebellum weight from was found to vary over the range 103–197 g (mean 144 ± 1.0 g) and was signifi cantly greater in men than women (150.5 ± 1.3 g and 133.9 ± 1.2 g, p < 0.001). Age had a greater infl uence on cerebellar weight in men than in women (R = –0.46 and –0.43, respectively). In men, the period of relatively stable cerebellar weight lasted to about 50 years of age, which was followed by a period of decreasing cerebellar weight. In women, the stable period lasted to about 70 years. Cerebellar weight was related to body length (R = 0.35 for men and R = 0.36 for women). The relationship between cerebellum weight and body length in men (1.0 g/cm) was greater than that in women (0.5 g/cm): the differences in cerebellum weights in men and women increased with increases in body length. Differences in cerebellum weight in people with different types of physique were minor.Item Age-related changes in the cerebral hemispheres of male and female brains: a morphometric study using MRI brain scans(Bulletin of Medical and Biological Research, 2024) Maryenko, N.; Мар'єнко, Наталія ІванівнаUnderstanding the differences in brain ageing between males and females and the varying sensitivity of morphometric parameters to ageing are crucial for developing algorithms and protocols for objective and quantitative brain morphology evaluation in clinical practice. The study revealed more pronounced changes in absolute cross-sectional area values corresponding to overall brain tissue with ageing in males. However, no significant sex difference was observed in the age dynamics of relative values. The ratio of two cross-sectional brain areas, considering sulcal content and excluding it, has been identified as the most sensitive parameter to age-related changes in both male and female brains. This ratio could serve as an additional morphometric parameter for diagnostic purposes in examining cerebral structure.Item The experience of Zoom employment for practical seminars in histology, cytology and embriology(ХНМУ, 2021) Stepanenko, Oleksandr; Hubenko, Irina; Novikova, K.